P6- Sub-editing

 

M4- Modes of address and structure

The purpose of my article was to inform the reader I wanted to find out if bullying was a large issue at Deyes high 

The audience for my magazine is both male and female the age range is 11-18 this is because the article has been made for high school students. This means that the language I used was suitable for people in that age range. I didn't want to confuse my audience by using language that they were unfamiliar with but also didn't want to word the article in a way that may have made it appear that I was talking down to them.

One of the theories that I used was Bernstein's restricted and elaborated codes. In my article I used restricted language so that I didn't use words that might not be understood by some of the younger people in my target audience.

The structure of article was that it was broken up in to two columns as this is a common convention of a magazine article. The text within the article was also broken up into paragraphs to make it easier to read for the audience. It was broken up in to four paragraphs that are of a similar size except for the first paragraph this is a smaller introductory paragraph. 

The methods of distribution that i will use are online and print based methods this is because using these methods I can reach a large audience. If the article is released online then it can be shared and that increases how many people will see it. Releasing in print form means that it can be distributed around the school and given to students. Both versions of the magazine will be free so can be read by anyone

Throughout my article there are quotes and statistics that I have gathered to help me write the article. Before writing the article I carried out a interview with the head of sixth form were I asked him a series of questions about bullying ad what the school does to prevent it from it from happening some of this interview has been used in the article in the form of quotes. I also used a BBC article about bullying a source of some of my statistics about bullying.

P5- article

M3-reference sources

NHS choices

https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Bullying/Pages/Bullyinghome.aspx

This is a source of secondary information as it is from a website. I know that this is a reliable source as the website has been made by the NHS and they are a reputable source

The information that I will use is

The child line number 0800 1111


NHS. (2016). Moodzone. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Bullying/Pages/Bullyinghome.aspx .
Last accessed 14/06/2018.

Childline

https://www.childline.org.uk/info-advice/bullying-abuse-safety/types-bullying/bullying/

This is a source of secondary information as it is from a website. This is a reliable source because it is the official Childline website this means that it is trustworthy as Childline are a well-known charity and the content of its website will be truthful.

The information that I will use is

• being called names
• being teased, put down or humiliated
• being pushed or pulled about
• having money and other stuff taken
• having rumours spread about you
• being ignored and left out
• being hit, kicked or physically hurt
• being threatened or intimidated
• Being bullied through your phone or online.

 

Childline. (2018). Bullying. Available: https://www.childline.org.uk/info-advice/bullying-abuse-safety/types-bullying/bullying/ . Last accessed 14/06/2018.

NSPCC

https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect/bullying-and-cyberbullying/

This is a source of secondary information as it is from a website. This is a reliable source because it is the official NSPCC website and this is a well-known charity that supports children. This means that all of the content on the website will be trustworthy as they are a reputable charity.

The information that I will use is

“It can happen anywhere – at school, at home or online. It’s usually repeated over a long period of time and can hurt a child both physically and emotionally.”

NSPCC. (2018). Bullying and cyberbullying. Available: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect/bullying-and-cyberbullying/. Last accessed 14/06/2018.

Gov.uk

This is a source of secondary information as I am getting it from a website. This is a reliable source of information as the website is ran by the government this means that all of the information will be truthful.

Information that I will use is

There are lots of orgaisations that provide support and advice if you’re worried about bullying:

• Anti-Bullying Alliance
• Bullying UK
• Childline
• The Diana Award
• Internet Matters
• Kidscape
• The UK Safer Internet Centre
• UK Council for Child Internet Safety (UKCCIS)

Gov.UK. (2018). Bullying at school. Available: https://www.gov.uk/bullying-at-school/reporting-bullying. Last accessed 14/06/2018.

P4- Secondary research

Secondary sources of information that I will use are:

Online article- Using online articles allows me to use facts that have already been collected by someone else in my article.

BBC news

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-43212006

• YMCA surveyed 1,006 youngsters
• 55% of children saying they had been bullied about the way they looked
• 60% had tried to change the way they looked
• 53% said they became anxious
• 29% said they said they became depressed
• 24% said they had reduced the amount they ate
• For 54% of victims, the bullying had started by the age of 10

Katherine Sellgren . (2018). 'Bullied for the way I looked'. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-43212006. Last accessed 14/06/2018.

The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/28/more-than-half-of-children-in-england-and-wales-bullied-about-appearance

• “Bullying has always existed among young people, but this generation face increasing pressure to live up to unrealistic beauty ideals which they say come from celebrities, social media and the media”
• 72% experienced bullying about their appearance in person, compared with 26% online, and 80% in school.
• 9% of 1,006 students said that they had self-harmed
• “If you wear certain makeup you get called like, a whore and a slag. If you wear no makeup then you’re ugly, and then you’re trolled.”

Haroon Siddique. (2018). More than half of children in England and Wales bullied about appearance . Available: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/28/more-than-half-of-children-in-england-and-wales-bullied-about-appearance. Last accessed 14/06/2018.

Bullying UK

https://www.bullying.co.uk/anti-bullying-week/bullying-uk-champion/

·         0808 800 2222 phone number for bullying UK to help victims of bullying

·         91% of people who reported cyber bullying said that no action was taken

BullyingUK. (2018). Be a Bullying UK Champion . Available: https://www.bullying.co.uk/anti-bullying-week/bullying-uk-champion/. Last accessed 14/06/2018.

National Bullying Helpline

http://www.nationalbullyinghelpline.co.uk/kids.html

There are multiple laws to protect people and prevent E-crime and cyber bullying

• The Protection From Harassment Act 1997
• The Malicious Communications Act 1988
• The Communications Act 2003
• The Obscene Publications Act 1959
• The Public Order Act 1986
• The Computer Misuse Act 1990
• The Health & Safety At Work Act 1974

National Bullying Helpline. (2018). Help and advice for parents dealing with bullying at school. Available: http://www.nationalbullyinghelpline.co.uk/kids.html . Last accessed 14/06/2018.


BBC news

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-23756749

A study said that

School bullies were also more likely to grow up into adult criminals.

Bulling victims often left school without qualifications

Bullying victims who did not become bullies are more likely to have mental health problems


I will use this information to provide general information about bullying in the UK it also contains information about things like who you should contact if you are dealing with bullying


Sean Coughlan . (2013). Childhood bullying 'damages adult life'. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-23756749 . Last accessed 14/06/2018.

P4-Interview

Questions asked

Have you ever witnessed any bullying at Deyes?
How big of an issue at Deyes is bullying?
What do Deyes do to prevent bullying taking place?
Would you say that that is the most common form of bullying now?

Interview

Interviewer- Have you ever witnessed any bullying at Deyes?

MR Delaney- I’ve always had to deal with situations where alleged bullying has taken place with younger students and that could be through social media or things that they have said to other students but I have never witnessed it personally.

Interviewer- How big of an issue at Deyes is bullying?

MR Delaney- Any form of bullying is a big issue its not necessarily a big issue at Deyes as a school there is not an institutional problem with bullying at Deyes from what I can see from my experiences with dealing with any students or parents that bring it to our attention it is dealt with swiftly. It is dealt with parental involvement and parental support and the two parties or the three parties or the four parties can get together and sort out any differences.

Interviewer- What do Deyes do to prevent bullying taking place?

MR Delaney- We do workshops on different things and we have a scheme of work for key stage 3 and 4 were we talk about different forms of bullying internet safety and grooming a whole host of child protection measures really and there is a big emphasis on the social media side you know that can be most probably one of the biggest forms of which those sorts of things can happen now I think the verbal bullying and physical bullying is dying a death in schools and its more to do with the social media side

Interviewer- Would you say that that is the most common form of bullying now?

MR Delaney- Most probably yeah and its always outside of school it’s not inside school its stuff that’s going on amongst friendship groups its things that are going on in the community it’s not necessarily connected to the school

P4- Primary research

Primary sources of information that I will use are:

Surveys- Using surveys allows me to ask many people questions about bullying this allows me to collect information in bulk. I will create my surveys using survey monkey and then send out via email to gather responses.

Interviews- In an interview I will ask one-person questions doing this face to face allows me to ask them to go in to more detail with an answer I can then type up their response.

If I conduct an interview, I would do it in an empty classroom, as this would mean that we would not be disturbed by anyone else. I will give out my survey in the common as this means that there are many people who can fill it in and I can gather lots of information.

I have emailed the head of sixth form to see if I can ask him some questions about Bullying at Deyes this is one of my sources of primary research.

Questions that I will use for my interview are:

1. Have you witnessed any bullying at Deyes?
2. Do you think that bullying is a large issue at Deyes? 
3. What do Deyes do to prevent bullying taking place?
4. Do people frequently talk to you about bullying?
5. What is the most common form of bullying that takes place at Deyes?
6. Does cyber bullying take place often?
7. What is in place to stop cyber bullying from taking place

Questions that I will use for my survey are:

1. Have you ever been bullied?
2. Has someone you know ever been bullied?
3. Have you witnessed bullying at school?
4. Do you know who to talk to about bullying?
5. How concerned about bullying at Deyes are you?
6. Have you ever witnessed cyber bullying?
7. How would you deal with bullying

I will look through my interview after I have finished it so that I can pick out quotes that suit my needs and present bullying as a small problem at Deyes. I will also do this for my questionnaire I will only include questionnaire answers that make bullying at Deyes look like a small issue. By doing this I am acting as a gatekeeper because I am deciding what news is published any news that doesn't suit my needs wont be included in the article

P4-Plan an original article

My article will be about does bullying take place at Deyes High school and if so how often does it happen. I will find out if bullying does take place at Deyes High by Interviewing students and asking if they or someone that they know has ever been bullied while at Deyes. I will use the information that I gather to talk about if bullying is a problem.

My story also covers Galtung and Ruge’s news values the values that this article will cover is:

·         Frequency- Bullying occurs regularly and there are lots of news articles about it.

·         Proximity- I will be talking about our school and the article is going in to our school’s newspaper

·         Elite nations- I will also be talking about bullying in the UK

·         Ordinary people/Human interest- I will be talking about normal school students

·         Negativity- I will be talking about bullying this is a negative topic

I will present my story in lots of small paragraphs so that it is easy for students to read I will do this as I have seen many other news providers lay out their stories like this. My article will also contain an interview in it I will ask a student about bullying.

This article could cause a moral panic if I go in to detail on how people were bullied as this may lead to an increase in bullying as I will be providing people with ways to bully other people.

To prevent causing a moral panic I will not go into detail about how people were bullied then it can’t be replicated.

This link is for a BBC news article that I will use as a source of secondary data

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-43212006

P4-Galtung and Ruge news values

News values

1.       Frequency- A long term event reported on regularly

2.       Size and scale- The bigger the event the more likely it is to be reported

3.       Predictability- An event that was expected to happen or anticipated

4.       Closeness to home/proximity- Has relevance to Britain or could affect British people in someway

5.       Demand- This is an event that we want to happen

6.       Unexpectedness- Events that happen without warning

7.       Rarity- Something not predicted

8.       Continuity- An ongoing news story that has high news value

9.       Elite nations- stories that involve powerful countries

10.   Elite people- Involves someone people can relate to and is in the public eye

11.   Ordinary people/Human interest- This is a story about an ordinary person might represent an issue

12.   Negativity/Bad news- Bad news sells

 BBC article

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43312625

One of the Galtung and Ruge news values is met in this article it is closeness to home this is because the events that took place in the UK in the city of Salisbury. People are more interested in the story as it happened in their own country. These events would affect people’s lives less significantly if they had occurred abroad.

Another news value that is in this article is unexpectedness this is because no one expected these events to happen they occurred without warning. People may be more likely to read an article if it is about a story they haven’t heard about and was unexpected.

Another news value that has been met in this story is rarity something like a spy being poisoned doesn’t happen often. People are more likely to read a story about and event that doesn’t happen often compared to a regularly occurring event.

Another news value that is in this article is in this article is elite nations two elite nations are involved in this story the UK and Russia. The events took place within the UK however it is suspected that Russia were involved with the poisoning of the spy. People are more likely to read a story about a well-known country if it is about a smaller nation people may be less interested.

Another news value is ordinary people the story is about how a spy was poisoned this person is not famous and isn’t in the public eye. People read stories about ordinary people as they are easier to relate to than a celebrity that is in the public eye.

Another news value is bad news the story is about people being poisoned this is bad news. People are often more likely to read an article if the story is bad news.

P4 IPSO

IPSO website

https://www.ipso.co.uk/

PCC Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Complaints_Commission

IPSO is the independent press standards organisation they are responsible for the regulation of content within UK newspapers and magazines. IPSO replaced the PCC (press complaints commission) on the 8^th of September 2014. The PCC received criticism after little action was taken after News of the World were involved in the phone hacking scandal. This eventually led the closure 

of the PCC and the creation of IPSO on the 8^th of September 2014.

The editor’s codes of practise are rules that are followed by magazines and newspapers that are regulated by IPSO these are:

Accuracy

The press can’t publish information or images that are inaccurate or misleading. Any inaccuracies must be changed quickly. It must be made clear what is fact and what is opinion within an article.

Privacy

Everyone is entitled to privacy. Editors must justify why they have intruded upon someone’s private affairs. It is unacceptable to take pictures of people without their consent.

Harassment

Journalists cannot harass or intimidate someone. They cannot constantly question, telephone, pursue or photograph someone.

Intrusion into grief or shock

Approaching someone about an article involving grief or shock must be made discreetly and sympathetically.

Reporting suicide

If reporting suicide do not go in to detail on how the act was performed so as to avoid imitation.

Children

Pupils should be able to attend school without interruption. They cannot be spoken to or photographed at school without permission from the school. Children under 16 cannot be interviewed about their own or any other child.

Children in sex cases

The press cannot name any child or adult involved.

Hospitals

If a journalist wants to enter an area of a hospital not available to the public they must identify themselves and obtain permission from the hospital.

Reporting of crime

Relatives of a person convicted or accused should not be identified without the person’s permission unless they are directly related to the story. Regard should be given to people under 18 whether victims or witnesses.

Clandestine devices and subterfuge

The press must not obtain material using a hidden camera, listening device, intercepted message or by removing documents.

Victims of sexual assault

The press cannot publish any material that would identify a victim of sexual assault.

Discrimination

The press cannot publish anything that would suggest disapproval of race, colour, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, physical or mental illness or disability.

Financial journalism

Journalists must not write about shares that themselves or family have financial interest in.

Confidential sources

Journalists are morally obligated to keep sources private.

Witness payments in criminal trials

No payment should be given to a witness or someone who may be a witness. These payments cannot be made to a witness until released by the police without charge or on bail.

Payments to criminals
Payment should not be made for pictures or stories that may glorify or glamourize crime.

Exceptions to the rules of the “Editors codes of practice” are exposing crime or threat of crime to members of the public, protecting the health and or safety of the public and protecting members of the public from false statements or actions that have been made by an organization or individual.

One ruling from IPSO was that the Sun had violated three of the editor’s codes of practice these were privacy, harassment and victims of sexual assault. Warwickshire police complained on behalf of someone claiming that a Sun journalist had broken these three rules. The person said that a journalist had been constantly calling. The complaint was upheld.

Another complaint was made to the IPSO by Farasat Latif. Farasat claimed that The Sunday Times had broken the rules of Accuracy, Privacy and Harassment. A committee said that the journalist had not harassed as the only interview lasted 14 seconds. The complaint was not upheld.

Another complaint was made to IPSO by Mark Walker. Walker complained that Mirror.co.uk had breached the accuracy part of the “editor’s codes of practice”. Walker was unhappy with the headline “Shameless touts charge teens and parents three times ticket prices for kids' charity gigs” he wasn’t happy about it being referred to as a charity event as not all the went towards the charity. He also complained that the article suggested that the resale of tickets was illegal. The complaint was not upheld and IPSO decided that the article was not misleading.

M2-Bernstein restricted and elaborated codes

Bernstein restricted and elaborated codes

http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-5/basil-bernstein-on-restricted-and-elaborated-codes

Elaborated code

• Elaborated code is usually used in formal situations
• It is fully explained to the audience

Restricted code

• Restricted code is used in informal situations
• They assume that the audience already have pre-existing knowledge      

Mirror

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/bloodbath-high-street-bloodbath-high-12102203

BBC

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43225248

I will be analysing the same article on two different news sites these are The Mirror and BBC news.

The headline for The Mirror is “Bloodbath on the high street: Three major chains announce 6,000 job cuts in the morning”. This is restrictive because it doesn’t provide the audience with all of the information it doesn’t say what the chains are. The headline in the BBC news article is also restrictive. It says “Toys R Us UK goes into administration” This is restrictive because some people may not know what going into administration is. This is an example of how the articles are similar because both of them have restrictive headlines so that the audience will read the rest of the story

The headline of The Mirror article they use the word “bloodbath” this is sensationalist language they are using this word to make the headline more interesting. This tells the audience that there was chaos. The Mirror also uses the word major was used in the headline this is used to describe the chains. The use of the word major is used to shock the audience. The use of the word “bloodbath” is also an adjective the Mirror are using it to describe the chaos that is taking place out on the high street because of the potential job loss.

The Mirror article consists of lots of very small paragraphs most are only a sentence long. This is very similar to the BBC article the paragraphs are also short in this article although the paragraphs are not as short as in The Mirror. The article that is written by the BBC is 639 words long this is because it provides a more in depth analysis whereas the article written by The Mirror is 590 words. This is a difference between the two articles the BBC article provides more information. The BBC news article is longer than The Mirror article because BBC news is aimed at an audience in the A, B, and C1 category. The audience of The Mirror is in the C2, D, E category this means that they have a lower reading age so won’t want to read as much.

In the Mirror article they use the word Brexit this is restrictive because The Mirror are assuming that the audience know what the word Brexit means. Brexit is also a blur word it is a combination of the words Britain and Exit because Britain are leaving the EU.

P3- 5 W's and H

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-43066082

The American who fled 'gay conversion' in Africa

P3-Sensationalist language

Sensationalist language- Language used to create bias it is a manipulation of the story to make you see things from the point of the author.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-5416763/Jennifer-Lawrence-BAFTA-incident-Joanna-Lumley.html

Original

 

'I told her to punch me in the face!': Jennifer Lawrence reveals she tried to 'make amends' with Joanna Lumley after THAT BAFTAs joke... after 'offending the whole of England'

I have removed these quotes because they both contain sensationalist language.

She was hit with claims she was a 'rude, spoiled brat' after she made a jokey comment to Joanna Lumley onstage at Sunday night's BAFTAs.
I have changed “hit with” to received because hit with makes it sound violent and aggressive.  And Jennifer Lawrence has revealed she went to extreme lengths to 'make amends' with the 71-year-old actress, playfully saying she could 'punch me in the face' during a interview on Wednesday's Lorraine.

The 27-year-old Oscar winner also said she was worried she had 'offended the whole of England' after the comment, which saw her scathingly brand host Joanna's gushing introduction as a 'bit much.'

 The Silver Linings Playbook star said: 'I spoke to her (Joanna) yesterday and she knew there was such a furore.
I have changed this to an issue because it makes it sound less dramatic. 

'I love Joanna Lumley, when I saw her, I grabbed her and was like I love you, big me up on stage.

Oh dear: The star continued: 'Then she said these lovely things about me and as a joke I was like, calm down. Boy did that go wrong'
Revealing a rather unusual way she had offered to reconcile with Joanna, the star hilariously admitted: 'I emailed her and said to her if you want to come over to my hotel and punch me in the face before we go to lunch that’s fine

'But she said I have no idea what you’re talking about, I don’t go on the internet.'

Jennifer earlier hit back at claims she had been rude to the Absolutely Fabulous star during the ceremony.
I have changed “hit with” to received because hit with makes it sound violent and aggressive.

The star was accused of being discourteous after Joanna called her 'the hottest woman on the planet' and she said her words were 'too much.'

However, the actress said that she and Joanna, 71, were having an 'inside joke' that people just didn't get.

New

Jennifer Lawrence tried to 'make amends' with Joanna Lumley

She received claims she was a 'rude, spoiled brat' after a comment to Joanna Lumley onstage at Sunday night's BAFTAs.

 Jennifer Lawrence has revealed she went to lengths to 'make amends' with the actress saying she could 'punch me in the face' during an interview on Wednesday's Lorraine.

Jennifer Lawrence said she was worried she had 'offended the whole of England' after the comment, which saw her brand host Joanna’s introduction as a 'bit much.'

 The Silver Linings Playbook star said: 'I spoke to her (Joanna) yesterday and she knew there was such an issue.

'I love Joanna Lumley, when I saw her, I grabbed her and was like I love you, big me up on stage.

The star continued: 'Then she said these lovely things about me and as a joke I was like, calm down. Boy did that go wrong'
Revealing a rather unusual way she had offered to reconcile with Joanna, the star hilariously admitted: 'I emailed her and said to her if you want to come over to my hotel and punch me in the face before we go to lunch that’s fine

'But she said I have no idea what you’re talking about, I don’t go on the internet.'

Jennifer earlier replied to claims she had been rude to the Absolutely Fabulous star during the ceremony.

The star was accused of being discourteous after Joanna called her 'the hottest woman on the planet' and she said her words were 'too much.'

However, the actress said that she and Joanna, 71, were having an 'inside joke' that people just didn't get.